瞬態過電壓是指在極短時間內發生的高電壓脈衝，可能持續幾微秒到幾毫秒。這些過電壓不屬於設備正常運作的工作電壓範圍，但必須被考慮進安全設計，因為它們足以擊穿絕緣或設備損壞。
依據UL1310下列條文要求，輸出接頭（output connector）不可使用同軸電纜的連接器（coaxial cable connector）。
Partnering with JLCPCB for robust PCB methods that fulfill the demanding environmental requirements of essential infrastructure tasks.
塑料等柔性基板非常適合滿足柔性電路板的絕緣要求。 另一方面，金屬是優良的熱導體，同時保持功率電子的冷卻。
板裝-插孔式包裝 板裝-表面貼裝式包裝 基座型包裝 導軌型包裝 應用產業
衰减原因：高温高湿下，水汽渗透到表面处理层，溶解残留离子（如助焊剂、金属离子）形成 “电解液”，离子在偏压作用下迁移，让绝缘电阻降低 —— 就像橡胶吸水后变潮湿，导电能力变强；
JLCPCB fulfills the stringent high quality requirements of Siemens' industrial automation items by way of disciplined producing and procedure Handle.
JLCPCB delivers one particular-prevent electronic and mechanical producing methods to empower hardware innovators globally.
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設備運行環境中的污染狀況會顯著影響絕緣性能。污染等級越高，越容易在絕緣表面形成導電通路，增加漏電或電弧風險，因此需設定更長的爬電距離。
By streamlining all the method—from ordering and sections sourcing to PCBA prototyping—you are able to acquire your completed boards in as fast as one particular week. Letting you to iterate, improve, and supply on time or simply.
工作電壓會直接影響你需要設計的「間隙距離」和「爬電距離」大小。電壓越高，潛在的絕緣需求和空氣/表面擊穿風險越高，安全距離需求就越大。
．介質不同：間隙距離依賴空氣的絕緣能力，而爬電距離取決於固體絕緣材料表面的性能。
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